Upgrade da Squeeze a Wheezy

Preparazione

• Avviare screen

• Registrare la sessione:

script -t 2>~/upgrade-wheezystep.time -a ~/upgrade-wheezystep.script

Backup del Sistema

Come sempre ...

• Fare una copia di comodo locale della etc:

sudo mkdir -p /files; sudo tar --exclude=.svn -cvf /files/etc.tar /etc

• Fermare cfengine, se attivo

sudo invoke-rc.d cfengine2 stop

Aggiornamento Squeeze

• Aggiornare ad ultimi rilasci

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Pulizia Pacchetti

• Rimuovere i pacchetti non necessari

• Rimuovere i pacchetti che non hanno dipendenze necessarie:

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/deborphan ]; then sudo apt-get install deborphan; fi

if [ -z "$(deborphan)" ]; \
  then \
      echo "Nothing to Remove"; \
  else \
     sudo apt-get remove --purge $(deborphan)
fi

sudo apt-get --purge  autoremove

• Nel caso l'autoremove voglia rimuovere pacchetti che in realtà si vogliono tenere, marcarli come installati manualemente

sudo apt-mark unmarkauto packagename

• Ripetere

sudo apt-get --purge  autoremove

• Rimuovere le configurazione dei pacchetti disinstallati:

 if [ -z "$(dpkg -l | grep ^rc | tr -s ' ' | cut -f 2 --delim=' ')" ]; \
  then \
      echo "Nothing to Purge"; \
  else \
      sudo dpkg --purge $(dpkg -l | grep ^rc | tr -s ' ' | cut -f 2 --delim=' '); \
fi

• Rimuovere eventuali vecchie configurazioni:

cd /etc
sudo find . -name *.dpkg-old
sudo find . -name *.dpkg-new

sudo rm FILENAME
sudo git rm FILENAME

• Verificare se ci sono pacchetti in hold o marcati per la rimozione. Se ci sono holds, disabilitarli:

sudo dpkg --audit
sudo aptitude search "~ahold" 
sudo dpkg --get-selections | grep 'hold$'

• To unset the “hold” state:

echo package_name install | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Upgrade

Sistemazione fonti apt

• Cambiare squeeze in wheezy in sources.lists

• Sostituire "squeeze" con "wheezy" in /etc/apt/sources.list

sudo sed -i 's/squeeze/wheezy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

• La lista delle sorgenti dovrebbe essere simile a:

sudoedit /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian	wheezy			main contrib non-free
deb http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian	wheezy-updates	main contrib non-free
deb	http://security.debian.org		wheezy/updates	main contrib non-free

#deb-src	http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian/	wheezy	main non-free contrib
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main contrib non-free
#deb-src http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian wheezy-updates main contrib non-free

• Sostituire, se presenti, le sorgenti backports con

deb     http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian wheezy-backports main contrib
deb-src http://mirrors.kernel.org/debian wheezy-backports main contrib

• If you have listed the proposed-updates section in your /etc/apt/sources.list file, you should remove it from that file before attempting to upgrade your system. This is a precaution to reduce the likelihood of conflicts.
• Aggiornare il database apt:

sudo apt-get update

Scaricamento pacchetti

• Aggiornare le nuove fonti APT:

sudo apt-get update

• Scaricare i pacchetti necessari:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -d

Aggiornamento APT

sudo apt-get install apt apt-listchanges

Aggiornamento Kernel

• Installare i firmware non free per ogni hardware che li necessita :

sudo apt-get install firmware-linux firmware-linux-nonfree firmware-realtek

• Identificare i kernel installati

dpkg -l "linux-image*" | grep ^ii

• Identificare il kernel in uso

uname -r

• Kernel flavor selection: Debian's 686 kernel configuration has been replaced by the 686-pae.

You can check whether your computer has PAE by running. If it does not (i.e. the command outputs no), you should install linux-image-486 and then remove linux-image-686 and/or linux-image-2.6-686 if they are currently installed.

grep -q '^flags.*\bpae\b' /proc/cpuinfo && echo sudo apt-get install linux-image-686 || echo sudo apt-get install linux-image-486

• Installare la versione più recente nel caso di kernel standard, oppure quello adeguato:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-amd64

oppure:

sudo apt-get install linux-image-686

• Assicurarsi che grub si installi correttamente. In particolare se la root è su un volume RAID, installarlo su ogni DISCO fisico, non con sudo grub-install /dev/md0 ma con

sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sda;  sudo grub-install --recheck /dev/sdb; 

Aggiornamento base

• Aggiornare i pacchetti che non richiedono rimozioni, oppure proseguire con i singol:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Aggiornamento restanti pacchetti

• Aggiornare gli altri pacchetti:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

• Se rimangono dei pacchetti held back, aggiornarli usando ancora

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

oppure

sudo apt-get -f install package

oppure, VERIFICANDO le eventuali rimozioni proposte

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Note per pacchetti specifici

Sudo

If you have modified /etc/sudoers then you should be aware of changes made to how sudo configuration is handled. The default /etc/sudoers now includes the following two directives:

Defaults        secure_path="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"

#includedir /etc/sudoers.d

Neither of these entries are added to your /etc/sudoers automatically during the upgrade. (Although you will still be able to run sudo commands by specifying their fully-qualified path.) So you might wish to consider migrating your changes to the new /etc/sudoers.d directory and using the default /etc/sudoers file. For example:

mv /etc/sudoers /etc/sudoers.d/mychanges
mv /etc/sudoers.dpkg-new /etc/sudoers

You may also need to edit your /etc/sudoers.d/mychanges to remove unwanted Defaults and #includedir entries. You should use visudo for this:

visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/mychanges

4.5.7.3. Suhosin PHP module

The php5-suhosin package has been removed. If your PHP configuration included the suhosin module, it will fail to load after the PHP upgrade. Run dpkg --purge php5-suhosin to remove the leftover configuration in /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini.

Temporary filesystems

In previous releases, temporary (tmpfs) filesystems were mounted on /lib/init/rw, /dev/shm/ and optionally on /var/lock and /var/run. /lib/init/rw has been removed, and the others have been moved under /run. /var/run and /var/lock were configured using RAMRUN and RAMLOCK in /etc/default/rcS. All these tmpfs filesystems are now configurable using /etc/default/tmpfs; the old settings are not migrated automatically. Old location New location Old setting New setting

	 	/etc/default/rcS	/etc/default/tmpfs

/lib/init/rw /run N/A N/A /var/run /run RAMRUN N/A /var/lock /run/lock RAMLOCK RAMLOCK /dev/shm /run/shm N/A RAMSHM N/A /tmp N/A RAMTMP

The migration of data to the new locations will occur automatically during the upgrade and will continue to be available at the old and new locations, with the exception of /lib/init/rw. No action is required on your part,

Request Tracker versions

If you have request-tracker3.8 installed on your squeeze system, note that this package has been removed from wheezy, to be replaced by request-tracker4. Some manual steps are required to upgrade between request-tracker3.8 and request-tracker4: please install request-tracker4 alongside your existing request-tracker3.8 installation and consult the installation/upgrade notes in /usr/share/doc/request-tracker4/README.Debian.gz (section: “Upgrading from request-tracker3.8 to request-tracker4”).

The same advice applies if you have request-tracker3.6 or older packages from previous Debian releases still in use; if this is the case it is recommended to upgrade step by step, following the appropriate upgrade documents.

Bootlogd changes

bootlogd has moved from sysvinit-utils to a separate bootlogd package. If you wish to continue using bootlogd, you need to install the bootlogd package. Note that the configuration file /etc/default/bootlogd and its option BOOTLOGD_ENABLE no longer exist; if you do not wish to run bootlogd, remove the bootlogd package.

Cyrus SASL SQL backends

Configuration of SQL engine backends for Cyrus SASL, as provided in the libsasl2-modules-sql package, has changed from database specific configuration (e.g. mysql) to the generic sql auxprop plugin.

Configuration files for applications using SASL have to be updated, for example:

auxprop_plugin: mysql

should be replaced by:

auxprop_plugin: sql
sql_engine: mysql

In addition, the SQL query (if used) needs to have %u replaced with %u@%r, because user and realm are now provided separatel