Gestione configurazioni di rete notebook
E' possibile far configurare le schede di rete di un notebook automaticamente tramite il pacchetto guessnet
Installazione di resolvconf
Il pacchetto resolvconf permette di gestire dinamicamente la configurazione dns della macchina.
Installando resolconf, si può dichiarare nel file /etc/network/interfaces/ le direttive:
dns-nameservers dns-search dns-domain dns-sortlist
che corrispondo ai relativi parametri spiegati in man resolvconf (senza dns-)
Installiamo il pacchetto:
sudo apt-get install resolvconf
A scanso di equivoci, resettiamo la configurazione dns:
echo "" > /etc/resolv.conf
Riavviamo il networkig:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop; sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
Installazione ifplugd
Il pacchetto ifplugd permette di "sentire" quando una scheda lan o wifi viene collegata ad una rete, e di conseguena può far eseguire delle azioni
sudo apt-get install ifplugd
Configurazione ifplugd
Supponendo di avere una scheda lan eth0 ed una wifi pcmcia ath0, le si assegna entrambi in gestione ad ifplugd.
etho è una scheda onboard, quindi gestita come interfaccia "normale", mentre ath0 è una scheda pcmcia, quindi gestita via demone hotplug:
sudoedit /etc/default/ifplugd ... INTERFACES="eth0" HOTPLUG_INTERFACES="ath0" ...
Riavviare ifplugd
/etc/init.d/ifplugd stop; /etc/init.d/ifplugd start
Configurazione della scheda lan
Supponiamo di partire con una configurazione singola della scheda lan in dhcp.
Il vantaggio di avere ifplugd è che ogni volta che si inserirà il cavo lan automaticamente si richiamerà dhclient.
Definiamo il profilo per la scheda lan:
sudoedit /etc/network/interface #loopback interface, always present auto lo iface lo inet loopback #definiamo l'interfaccia lan come dhcp iface eth0 inet dhcp
Riavviamo il networking
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop; sudo /etc/init.d/networking start
Verifica di ifplugd per la scheda Lan
Monitoriamo il syslog:
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog | cut --delim=" " -f 6-
Inseriamo il cavo di rete:
ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: Link beat detected. kernel: e100: eth0: e100_watchdog: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: Executing '/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action eth0 up'. dhclient: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 dhclient: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. dhclient: All rights reserved. ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: All rights reserved. dhclient: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP dhclient: dhclient: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c dhclient: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c dhclient: Sending on Socket/fallback ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Sending on Socket/fallback dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: DHCPDISCOVER on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 dhclient: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.6.100 dhclient: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.6.100 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 dhclient: DHCPACK from 192.168.6.100 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: DHCPACK from 192.168.6.100 dhclient: bound to 192.168.6.88 -- renewal in 37766 seconds. ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: bound to 192.168.6.88 -- renewal in 37766 seconds.
Stacchiamo il cavo di rete, dopo alcuni secondi verrà rilasciato l'ip:
ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: Link beat lost. kernel: e100: eth0: e100_watchdog: link down ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: Executing '/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action eth0 down'. dhclient: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 dhclient: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. dhclient: All rights reserved. ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: All rights reserved. dhclient: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP dhclient: dhclient: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Listening on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c dhclient: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:08:02:68:3a:7c dhclient: Sending on Socket/fallback ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: Sending on Socket/fallback dhclient: DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 192.168.6.100 port 67 ifplugd(eth0)[9734]: client: DHCPRELEASE on eth0 to 192.168.6.100 port 67
Installazione di guessnet
Installiamo ora guessnet
sudo apt-get install guessnet
Configurazione dei profili di rete
Guessnet è utilizzabile direttamente da ifupdown, cioè con delle semplici dichiarazioni in /etc/network/interfaces
In pratica si associa l'interfaccia fisica a delle interfacce virtuali a cui si assegnano delle configurazioni particolari.
Guessnet esegue dei test specifici ad esempio per vedere se riesce a pingare un host ed al primo successo sceglie la configurazione virtuale e la applica all'interfaccia fisica.
Se tutti i test falliscono è possibile scegliere un profilo di default, che noi decideremo essere dhcp.
Vediamo una configurazione di esempio.
Il profilo "lan-pub" viene selezionato se ci si trova in una lan con un host (tipicamente il gateway) con ip 192.168.6.254 e mac 00:50:04:74:15:AE.
Il profilo "lan-home" viene selezionato se ci si trova in una lan con un host (tipicamente il gateway) con ip 192.168.250.254 e mac 00:0F:B5:7F:18:A8.
Se nessuna di queste situazioni si verifica, verrà impostato il profilo lan-dhcp.
mapping eth0
script guessnet-ifupdown
map lan-pub lan-home
map default: lan-dhcp
map timeout: 5
map verbose: true
map debug:true
iface lan-pub inet static
address 192.168.6.200
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.6.254
dns-nameservers 194.20.8.1
dns-search pubblistil.priv
test peer address 192.168.6.254 mac 00:50:04:74:15:AE
iface lan-home inet static
address 192.168.250.200
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.250.254
dns-nameservers 194.20.8.1
dns-search diesis.priv
test peer address 192.168.250.254 mac 00:0F:B5:7F:18:A8
iface lan-dhcp inet dhcp
Disinseriamo il cavo e restartiamo il networking ed ifplugd:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop; sudo /etc/init.d/networking start sudo /etc/init.d/ifplugd stop; sudo /etc/init.d/ifplugd start
Monitoriamo il log ed inseriamo il cavo:
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog | cut --delim=" " -f 6- ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: Link beat detected. kernel: e100: eth0: e100_watchdog: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: Executing '/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action eth0 up'. ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: 2 candidates found in input ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Guessnet 0.33 starting... ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Trying MII detection ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: 2 candidate profiles ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Trying MII detection ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Initialized test subsystems ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Added "default" test lan-dhcp ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Default test is lan-dhcp ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Will check network lan-pub for IP address 192.168.6.254 (MAC 00:50:04:74:15:ae) ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Starting test subsystem kernel: device eth0 entered promiscuous mode ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Sending 10 ARP probes, 1 every second... ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Will check network lan-home for IP address 192.168.250.254 (MAC 00:0f:b5:7f:18:a8) ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Sending 10 ARP probes, 1 every second... ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Started tests ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: 3 candidates ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: Got ARP reply from 192.168.250.254 00:0f:b5:7f:18:a8 ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: guessnet: ARP reply from 192.168.250.254 00:0f:b5:7f:18:a8 matches kernel: device eth0 left promiscuous mode postfix/postfix-script: fatal: the Postfix mail system is not running ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: run-parts: /etc/resolvconf/update-libc.d/postfix exited with return code 1 ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: Reloading squid configuration files...done. ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: run-parts: /etc/resolvconf/update.d/libc exited with return code 1 ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: client: run-parts: /etc/network/if-up.d/000resolvconf exited with return code 1 ifplugd(eth0)[8396]: Program executed successfully.
La rete è stata identificata correttamente, infatti:
ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:08:02:68:3A:7C
inet addr:192.168.250.200 Bcast:192.168.250.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1147 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:1236 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:415344 (405.6 KiB) TX bytes:136355 (133.1 KiB)
route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.250.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.250.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
# DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 194.20.8.1
search diesis.priv
Configurazione scheda Wireless
Le schede PCMCIA vengono gestite da hotplug, e quindi non avrebbero bisogno di ifplugd.
Testiamo comunque una configurazione singola per vedere se il tutto funziona correttamente:
sudoedit /etc/network/interfaces
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface ath0 inet dhcp
wireless-essid homefuz
Configuriamo ifplug
Restartiamo il networking:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking stop; sudo /etc/init.d/networking start sudo /etc/init.d/ifplugd stop; sudo /etc/init.d/ifplugd start
Monitoriamo il log e inseriamo la scheda PCMCIA:
sudo tail -f /var/log/syslog | cut --delim=" " -f 6- kernel: ath_hal: no version for "struct_module" found: kernel tainted. kernel: ath_hal: module license 'Proprietary' taints kernel. kernel: ath_hal: 0.9.14.9 (AR5210, AR5211, AR5212, RF5111, RF5112, RF2413) kernel: wlan: 0.8.6.0 (EXPERIMENTAL) kernel: ath_rate_onoe: 1.0 kernel: ath_pci: 0.9.6.0 (EXPERIMENTAL) kernel: PCI: Enabling device 0000:03:00.0 (0000 -> 0002) kernel: ACPI: PCI interrupt 0000:03:00.0[A] -> GSI 11 (level, low) -> IRQ 11 pci.agent[10787]: ath_pci: loaded successfully kernel: Build date: Jul 16 2005 kernel: Debugging version (IEEE80211) kernel: ath0: 11b rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps kernel: ath0: 11g rates: 1Mbps 2Mbps 5.5Mbps 11Mbps 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps kernel: ath0: turboG rates: 6Mbps 9Mbps 12Mbps 18Mbps 24Mbps 36Mbps 48Mbps 54Mbps kernel: ath0: H/W encryption support: WEP AES AES_CCM TKIP kernel: ath0: mac 7.9 phy 4.5 radio 5.6 kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 1 for WME_AC_BE traffic kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 0 for WME_AC_BK traffic kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 2 for WME_AC_VI traffic kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 3 for WME_AC_VO traffic kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 8 for CAB traffic kernel: ath0: Use hw queue 9 for beacons kernel: Debugging version (ATH) kernel: ath0: Atheros 5212: mem=0x20800000, irq=11 ifplugd.hotplug[10885]: Invoking ifplugd for ath0 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: ifplugd 0.26 initializing. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Using interface ath0/00:11:95:8F:0B:68 with driver <ath_pci> (version: 0.9.6.0 (EXPERIMENTAL)) ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Using detection mode: wireless extension ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Initialization complete, link beat not detected. waproamd.hotplug[10908]: Invoking waproamd for ath0 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Link beat detected. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Executing '/etc/ifplugd/ifplugd.action ath0 up'. dhclient: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.0.1 dhclient: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Copyright 2004 Internet Systems Consortium. dhclient: All rights reserved. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: All rights reserved. dhclient: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/products/DHCP dhclient: dhclient: Listening on LPF/ath0/00:11:95:8f:0b:68 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Listening on LPF/ath0/00:11:95:8f:0b:68 dhclient: Sending on LPF/ath0/00:11:95:8f:0b:68 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Sending on LPF/ath0/00:11:95:8f:0b:68 dhclient: Sending on Socket/fallback ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Sending on Socket/fallback dhclient: DHCPDISCOVER on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: DHCPDISCOVER on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 4 dhclient: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.250.254 dhclient: DHCPREQUEST on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: DHCPOFFER from 192.168.250.254 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: DHCPREQUEST on ath0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 dhclient: DHCPACK from 192.168.250.254 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: DHCPACK from 192.168.250.254 postfix/postfix-script: fatal: the Postfix mail system is not running ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: run-parts: /etc/resolvconf/update-libc.d/postfix exited with return code 1 ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: Reloading squid configuration files...done. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: run-parts: /etc/resolvconf/update.d/libc exited with return code 1 dhclient: bound to 192.168.250.200 -- renewal in 102919 seconds. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: client: bound to 192.168.250.200 -- renewal in 102919 seconds. ifplugd(ath0)[10907]: Program executed successfully.