Installazione e configurazione Amanda su Debian Sarge
Installazione pacchetti
apt-get install amanda-client amanda-common amanda-server
Configurazione accessi
cat >/etc/amandahosts <<EOFile # nomehost utente_che_può_accedere localhost root localhost.localdomain root localhost backup localhost.localdomain backup $(hostname) root $(hostname -f) root $(hostname) backup $(hostname -f) backup EOFile
Configurazione principale
In /etc/amanda c'è una cartella DailySet1, che contiene gli esempi per il Job così denominato.
Modificare quanto segue in /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf:
org "Nome Server per Report" # your organization name for reports
mailto "alert@rvmgroup.it" # space separated list of operators at your site
dumpcycle 0 # the number of days in the normal dump cycle
tapecycle 0 tapes # the number of tapes after that a tape could be overwritten
# con 0 si può sovrascrivere qualsiasi nastro
tapedev "/dev/nst0" # Linux @ tuck, important: norewinding
Definizione del tipo di nastro
Bisogna definire un tipo nastro, da utilizzare poi nella configurazione.
Identificare il tape drive in uso:
# cat /proc/scsi/scsi Attached devices: Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 03 Lun: 00 Vendor: HP Model: C5683A Rev: C104 Type: Sequential-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 02
Verificare che non sia già esistente nel file di configurazione. Se non esiste, cercarlo nelle FAQ di amanda http://amanda.sourceforge.net/cgi-bin/fom?cmd=searchForm&file=1 oppure su google.
Esempi:
HP Dat 40i C5683A
20 Gb non compressi DDS4
define tapetype HP-Dat-40-C5683A {
comment "HP Surestore Dat40i C5683A"
length 19560 mbytes
filemark 1147 kbytes
speed 2957 kps
}
HP Dat 8i C1533A
4 Gb non compressi DDS2
define tapetype C1533A_120 {
comment "HP C1533A DDS2 with 120m tapes"
length 3858 mbytes
filemark 107 kbytes
speed 507 kbytes
}
Mettere la definizione prima delle altre.
Definire ora che per questo job si intente usare questo tapetype.
In /etc/amanada/DailySet1:
tapetype HP-Dat-40-C5683A # what kind of tape it is (see tapetypes below)
Definizione del Formato della Label per i nastri
Occorre definire un formato standard per verificare che il tape inserito sia effettivamente uno giusto.
Per standard utiliiamo il formato
A-01-Monday
Quindi modificare in /etc/amanada/DailySet1:
labelstr "^[A-Z]-[0-5][0-5]-$*" # label constraint regex: all tapes must match
Definizione del tipo di Job di Backup
Occorre definire le caratteristiche del dumptype. Utiliziamo un backup completo giornaliero che utilizzi il formato portabile tar compresso.
Modificare in /etc/amanada/DailySet1:
define dumptype always-full {
comment "Full dump using tar with best software compression"
program "GNUTAR"
options compress-best, index
priority high
dumpcycle 0
maxcycle 0
}
Il dumptype sarà poi assegnato ad ogni disco in seguito.
Definizione dei dischi da backuppare
Occorre definire che dischi backuppare e in che modo.
Editare /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist. Se la partizione e il disco è uno solo, usare:
cat > /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist <<EOFile # File format is: # hostname diskdev dumptype # where the dumptypes are defined by you in amanda.conf. $(hostname) $(mount | grep 'on / ' | cut -f 1 --delim=' ') always-full #nomeserver disco dumptype EOFile
Dall'esempio risulterà:
# File format is: # hostname diskdev dumptype # where the dumptypes are defined by you in amanda.conf. server /dev/md0 always-full #nomeserver disco dumptype
In questo caso quando si eseguirà il Job DailiSet1, verrà backuppato il disco /dev/md0 utiliando la configurazione alway-full definita precedentemente.
POI FARE LABEL NASTRI:
fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "amlabel DailySet1 A-01-Monday" sh: line 1: amlabel: command not found fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# which amlable fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# which amlabel /usr/sbin/amlabel fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySet1 A-01-Monday" amlabel: could not load tapelist "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist" fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# ackup -c "touch /etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist" -bash: ackup: command not found fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su baackup -c "touch /etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist" Unknown id: baackup fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "touch /etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist" fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# ls total 24 drwxrwx--- 2 backup backup 4096 Mar 18 15:58 . drwxrwx--- 3 backup backup 4096 Mar 18 15:40 .. -rw-rw---- 1 backup backup 8259 Mar 18 15:48 amanda.conf -rw-rw---- 1 backup backup 2059 Mar 18 15:51 disklist -rw-r--r-- 1 backup backup 0 Mar 18 15:58 tapelist fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySet1 A-01-Monday" rewinding, reading label, reading label: Input/output error rewinding, writing label A-01-Monday, checking label, done. fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# cat tapelist 0 A-01-Monday reuse fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck" amcheck: Usage: amcheck [-M <username>] [-mawsclt] <conf> [host [disk]* ]* fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" Amanda Tape Server Host Check
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test Tape A-01-Monday label ok NOTE: info dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo: does not exist NOTE: it will be created on the next run NOTE: index dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index/fire: does not exist Server check took 0.010 seconds
Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.036 seconds, 0 problems found
(brought to you by Amanda 2.4.4p3) fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" Amanda Tape Server Host Check
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test Tape A-01-Monday label ok NOTE: info dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo: does not exist NOTE: it will be created on the next run NOTE: index dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index/fire: does not exist Server check took 0.020 seconds
Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.015 seconds, 0 problems found
(brought to you by Amanda 2.4.4p3) fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amtape DailySet1 show" amtape: no tpchanger specified in "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf" fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" Amanda Tape Server Host Check
ERROR: /dev/nst0: tape_rdlabel: tape open: /dev/nst0: Input/output error
(expecting a new tape)
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test NOTE: info dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo: does not exist NOTE: it will be created on the next run NOTE: index dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index/fire: does not exist Server check took 120.110 seconds
Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.017 seconds, 0 problems found
(brought to you by Amanda 2.4.4p3) fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" Amanda Tape Server Host Check
ERROR: /dev/nst0: reading label: Input/output error
(expecting a new tape)
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test NOTE: info dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo: does not exist NOTE: it will be created on the next run NOTE: index dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index/fire: does not exist Server check took 0.007 seconds
Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.023 seconds, 0 problems found
(brought to you by Amanda 2.4.4p3) fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# clear fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" Amanda Tape Server Host Check
ERROR: /dev/nst0: reading label: Input/output error
(expecting a new tape)
NOTE: skipping tape-writable test NOTE: info dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo: does not exist NOTE: it will be created on the next run NOTE: index dir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index/fire: does not exist Server check took 0.018 seconds
Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.015 seconds, 0 problems found
(brought to you by Amanda 2.4.4p3) fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySet1 A-02-Tuesday" rewinding, reading label, reading label: Input/output error rewinding, writing label A-02-Tuesday, checking label, done. fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amcheck DailySet1" fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# ammmt -f /dev/nst0 rewoffl -bash: ammmt: command not found fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# ammt -f /dev/nst0 rewoffl fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySet1 A-03-Wednesday" ; ammt -f /dev/nst0 rewoffl rewinding, reading label, reading label: Input/output error rewinding, writing label A-03-Wednesday, checking label, done. fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# /etc/init.d/postfix restart Stopping mail transport agent: Postfix. Starting mail transport agent: Postfix. fire:/etc/amanda/DailySet1# su backup -c "/usr/sbin/amlabel DailySet1 A-03-Wednesday" ; ammt -f /dev/nst0 rewoffl
MODIFICARE CRONTAB.AMANDA E POI ESEGUIRLO PER CREARLO IN /VAR/SPOOL/CRON/CRONTABS/BACKUP
fire:/# cd etc/amanda fire:/etc/amanda# ls total 16 drwxrwx--- 3 backup backup 4096 Apr 8 10:15 . drwxr-xr-x 69 root root 4096 Apr 8 15:30 .. drwxrwx--- 2 backup backup 4096 Apr 8 14:32 DailySet1 -rw-rw---- 1 backup backup 370 Apr 2 2002 crontab.amanda fire:/etc/amanda# cat crontab.amanda
- This is an example for a crontab entry for automated backup with amanda
- With these cron lines, Amanda will check that the correct tape is in
- the drive every weekday afternoon at 4pm (if it isn't, all the
- operators will get mail). At 12:45am that night the dumps will be run.
0 16 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/amcheck -m DailySet1 45 0 * * 2-6 /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1
fire:/etc/amanda# vi crontab.amanda
- This is an example for a crontab entry for automated backup with amanda
- With these cron lines, Amanda will check that the correct tape is in
- the drive every weekday afternoon at 4pm (if it isn't, all the
- operators will get mail). At 12:45am that night the dumps will be run.
0 17 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/amcheck -m DailySet1 5 22 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1 0 07 * * 2-6 /usr/sbin/ammt -f /dev/st0 rewoffl
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "crontab.amanda" 8L, 421C written
fire:/etc/amanda# crontab -u backup /etc/amanda/crontab.amanda fire:/etc/amanda# cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/ cat: /var/spool/cron/crontabs/: Is a directory fire:/etc/amanda# cat /var/spool/cron/crontabs/backup
- DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE - edit the master and reinstall.
- (/etc/amanda/crontab.amanda installed on Fri Apr 8 19:02:27 2005)
- (Cron version -- $Id: crontab.c,v 2.13 1994/01/17 03:20:37 vixie Exp $)
- This is an example for a crontab entry for automated backup with amanda
- With these cron lines, Amanda will check that the correct tape is in
- the drive every weekday afternoon at 4pm (if it isn't, all the
- operators will get mail). At 12:45am that night the dumps will be run.
0 17 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/amcheck -m DailySet1 5 22 * * 1-5 /usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1 0 07 * * 2-6 /bin/mt -f /dev/nst0 rewoffl