Installazione e configurazione Amanda su Debian

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Installazione pacchetti

sudo apt-get install amanda-server amanda-client

Riavviare inetd: 

sudo invoke-rc.d openbsd-inetd restart

Configurazione dell'accesso alla macchina da backuppare

  • Se la macchina da backuppare è la stessa su cui si installa tutto, aggiungere la seguente riga, altrimenti il processo server di backup non riuscirà a collegarsi:
sudoedit /etc/amandahosts 

#host.domain.dom                user    services
localhost                       backup

servername.example.com          backup
# User backup makes             backup

servername.example.com          root    amindexd amidxtaped
#user root must do restores too

Preparazione files di configurazione

Copiare il file di configurazione standard: 

sudo mkdir /etc/amanda/DailySet1
zcat /usr/share/doc/amanda-common/examples/amanda.conf.gz | sudo tee /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf > /dev/null
sudo chown -R backup.backup /etc/amanda/
sudo chmod a+rX /etc/amanda

Modificare quanto segue 

sudoedit /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf

org "Customername host" # your organization name for reports

dumpcycle 4 weeks       # the number of days in the normal dump cycle
runspercycle 24         # the number of amdump runs in dumpcycle days
                        # 4 weeks * 6 amdump runs per week (Mon to Sat)
tapecycle 26 tapes      # the number of tapes in rotation
                        # 4 weeks (dumpcycle) times 6 tapes per week (Mon
                        # to Sat) plus a few to handle errors that
                        # need amflush and so we do not overwrite the full
                        # backups performed at the beginning of the previous
                        # cycle


tapedev "/dev/nst0"     # Linux @ tuck, important: norewinding
#tpchanger "chg-manual"          # the tape-changer glue script
#changerfile "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/changer.conf"
#changerdev "/dev/null"
...
infofile "/var/lib//amanda/DailySet1/curinfo"   # database DIRECTORY
logdir   "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/logdir"     # log directory
indexdir "/var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index"      # index directory
tapelist "/etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist"       # list of used tapes

includefile "/etc/amanda/tapetypes.conf"
includefile "/etc/amanda/dumptypes.conf"
includefile "/etc/amanda/holdingdisk.conf"
  • Creare le directory per il database, i log e quant'altro:
sudo -u backup mkdir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1
sudo -u backup mkdir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/logdir
sudo -u backup mkdir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/curinfo
sudo -u backup mkdir /var/lib/amanda/DailySet1/index
sudo -u backup touch /etc/amanda/DailySet1/tapelist
sudo -u backup touch /etc/amanda/holdingdisk.conf
  • Definire l'alias a cui inviare i report
sudoedit /etc/aliases

backup    backupreport@domain.dom

sudo newaliases
sudo invoke-rc.d postfix reload

Impostazione tapedrive

  • Identificare il tape drive in uso:
# cat /proc/scsi/scsi
Attached devices:
Host: scsi0 Channel: 00 Id: 03 Lun: 00
  Vendor: HP       Model: C5683A           Rev: C104
  Type:   Sequential-Access                ANSI SCSI revision: 02

Verificare che sia già esistente nel file di configurazione e nel file creato Se non esiste, cercarlo nelle FAQ di amanda oppure su google.

  • Inserire la definizione:
sudoedit /etc/amanda/DailySet1/amanda.conf

tapetype HP-C5683A

Definizione del Formato della Label per i nastri

Occorre definire un formato standard per verificare che il tape inserito sia effettivamente uno giusto.

Per standard utilizziamo il formato

A-01-MON 

sudoedit /etc/amanada/DailySet1/amanda.conf

labelstr "^[A-Z]-0[0-5]-[MON|TUE|WED|THU|FRI|SAT]" # label constraint regex: all tapes must match

Definizione del tipo di Job di Backup

Occorre definire le caratteristiche del dumptype.

Utilizziamo un backup completo giornaliero che utilizzi il formato portabile tar compresso, includendo delle esclusioni di default. 

cat | sudo tee /etc/amanda/dumptypes.conf > /dev/null <<EOFile
# /etc/amanada/dumptypes.conf
#
define dumptype custom-backup {
    comment "Full dump using tar with best software compression"
    program "GNUTAR"
    compress server best
    index
    priority high
    dumpcycle 0
    exclude append "./files/amanda-holding"
    exclude append "./dev/log"
    exclude append "./tmp/*"
    exclude append "./var/lib/amavis/amavis-*"
    exclude append "./var/lib/amavis/tmp"
    exclude append "./var/lib/backuppc"
    exclude append "./var/run/acpid.socket"
    exclude append "./var/run/clamav/clamd.ctl"
    exclude append "./var/run/courier/authdaemon/socket"
    exclude append "./var/run/cups/cups.sock"
    exclude append "./var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket"
    exclude append "./var/run/gcache_port"
    exclude append "./var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock"
    exclude append "./var/run/samba/winbindd_privileged/pipe"
    exclude append "./var/run/saslauthd/mux"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/defer"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/deferred"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/amavis"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/anvil"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/bounce"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/bsmtp"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/defer"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/discard"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/error"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/ifmail"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/lmtp"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/local"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/maildrop"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/mailman"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/odmr"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/proxymap"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/relay"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/rewrite"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/scache"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/scalemail-backend"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/smtp"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/tlsmgr"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/trace"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/uucp"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/verify"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/private/virtual"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/public/cleanup"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/public/flush"
    exclude append "./var/spool/postfix/public/showq"
    exclude append "./var/spool/squid"
}
EOFile

Il dumptype sarà poi assegnato ad ogni disco in seguito.

Definizione dei dischi da backuppare

Occorre definire che dischi backuppare e in che modo. 

sudoedit /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist

# File format is:
#       hostname mountpoint dumptype
# where the dumptypes are defined by you in amanda.conf.

#nomeserver mountpint dumptype
#server /bin custom-backup
server / custom-backup

Preparazione dell'Holding Disk

Per velocizzare ed ottimizzare la scrittura su nastro, utilizzare un holding disk.

Testare: 

sudo -u backup amcheck -c -l DailySet1

Amanda Tape Server Host Check
-----------------------------
Holding disk /files/space/amanda-holding: 208263128 KB disk space available, using 206165976 KB

Test della configurazione

  • Testare la configurazione:
sudo -u backup amcheck -c -l DailySet1

Darà vari errori, ma quello che interessa a noi è: 

Amanda Backup Client Hosts Check
--------------------------------
Client check: 1 host checked in 0.243 seconds, 0 problems found

Etichettatura dei nastri

  • Ritestare:
sudo -u backup amcheck DailySet1

Backup di prova

  • Impostare in disklist un job di backup di test:
sudo cp /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist.production
sudoedit /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist

server /usr/share always-full
  • Testare
sudo -u backup amcheck -w DailySet1
  • Impostare un nome descrittivo per l'utente backup:
sudo chfn -f "Backup SERVERNAME" backup
  • Controllare che l'utente backup possa mandare email:
echo test | sudo -u backup mail -s test myaddress@domain.dom
  • Lanciare il backup di test:
sudo -u backup amdump DailySet1
  • Controllarne l'avanzamento
sudo -u backup watch amstatus DailySet1
  • Verificare il nastro:
sudo -u backup amverify DailySet1
  • Se è ok, reimpostare la disklist di partenza
sudo cp /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist.test
sudo cp /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist.production /etc/amanda/DailySet1/disklist

Test di restore

  • Creare la directory in cui verranno salvati i fire del restore
mkdir /tmp/amrecover
  • Avviare amrecover:
sudo amrecover -C DailySet1 -s galvirt01 -t galvirt01 -d /dev/nst0

AMRECOVER Version 2.5.2p1. Contacting server on galvirt01 ...
220 galvirt01 AMANDA index server (2.5.2p1) ready.
Setting restore date to today (2009-07-28)
200 Working date set to 2009-07-28.
200 Config set to DailySet1.
200 Dump host set to galvirt01.
Use the setdisk command to choose dump disk to recover

amrecover> listdisk

200- List of disk for host galvirt01
201- /usr/share
200 List of disk for host galvirt01

amrecover> setdisk /usr/share

200 Disk set to /usr/share.

amrecover> history

200- Dump history for config "DailySet1" host "galvirt01" disk /usr/share
201- 2009-07-28-15-47-17 0 C-6-SAT:1
200 Dump history for config "DailySet1" host "galvirt01" disk /usr/share

amrecover> setdate 2009-07-28

200 Working date set to 2009-07-28.

amrecover> lcd /tmp/amrecover

amrecover> add  *

Added dir /zoneinfo/ at date 2009-07-28-15-47-17
...
Added dir /X11/ at date 2009-07-28-15-47-17

amrecover> extract

Extracting files using tape drive /dev/nst0 on host galvirt01.
The following tapes are needed: C-6-SAT

Restoring files into directory /tmp

Continue [?/Y/n]? y

Extracting files using tape drive /dev/nst0 on host galvirt01.
Load tape C-6-SAT now

Continue [?/Y/n/s/t]? y

./X11/
./X11/doc/
...
./zoneinfo/right/US/Samoa

amrecover> quit

200 Good bye.

ls /tmp/amrecover

Schedulazione

  • Creare lo script wrapper che esegue il backup ed espelle il nastro:
cat | sudo tee /usr/local/sbin/amanda-DailySet1 > /dev/null  <<EOFile
#!/bin/bash
# Run Daily Backup
/usr/sbin/amdump DailySet1
/usr/sbin/ammt -f /dev/st0 rewoffl
EOFile

sudo chmod +x /usr/local/sbin/amanda-DailySet1
  • Impostare il seguente crontab per lo user backup
    • check del nastro la mattina ed il pomeriggio
    • backup la sera da LUN-VEN
cat | sudo -u backup crontab - <<EOFile
# Check if Daily Tape is inserted, Mon-Sat
0 10 * * 1-5    /usr/sbin/amcheck -m -w DailySet1
0 16 * * 1-5    /usr/sbin/amcheck -m -w DailySet1

# Run Daily Backup, Mon-Fri
0 22 * * 1-5    /usr/local/sbin/amanda-DailySet1
EOFile
  • Controllare:
sudo -u backup crontab -l
  • Impostare le eventuali esclusioni specifiche per il sistema in uso.
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